What Does Precision Air Conditioning Mean Now? And is it Still a ...

01 Sep.,2025

 

What Does Precision Air Conditioning Mean Now? And is it Still a ...

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What Does Precision Air Conditioning Mean Now? And is it Still a Necessity for IT Spaces?

As recently as a couple of years ago, the need to maintain precise temperature and humidity control in an IT space was a top priority for data center managers and a primary motivator behind the purchase of a precision air conditioning system. Over the last several years, however, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has relaxed its recommendations and widened the temperature and humidity ranges deemed acceptable within environments that house sensitive IT equipment, including data centers, server rooms, network closets, technology rooms, or other spaces like medical equipment suites, laboratories, and telecommunications centers. Consequently, precision cooling in its most literal sense is no longer seen as the absolute necessity that it once was.

However, proper IT thermal management most certainly remains a critical priority. Precision air conditioning — or data center-grade cooling systems — are still very much needed, even if precise (within 1 or 2 degrees) temperature and humidity set points are no longer mandatory. In part, this is because even while the spectrum of allowable temperatures in IT space has expanded, so too has the amount of heat generated by the increasingly sophisticated servers needed to support today’s power- and data-intensive applications, including Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and others. And properly managing that heat is the key to ensuring IT equipment performs at optimal levels.

Furthermore, the consequences for exceeding recommended heat thresholds are just as serious as they ever were. Excessive heat can take a toll on equipment, leading to component failures or sometimes complete system shutdown, and it can all happen in a matter of minutes. IT equipment failures often snowball into unplanned downtime for a business, which comes at a staggeringly high cost that exceeds the cost of equipment damage and includes lost revenue opportunity, customer service disruption, and reputational damage that can persist long after the equipment is repaired, and the business is back up and running.

To help prevent potentially disastrous threats to business-critical continuity, precision air conditioning — or what Vertiv more commonly refers to as thermal management — is still very much a necessity in data center and IT spaces. 

Can building air conditioning systems cool IT equipment just a well as precision air conditioning systems?

In some IT spaces, such as server or technology rooms located in an administrative building, facilities managers will often rely on the building’s comfort cooling system to maintain the environment in the IT space. It is true that a commercial AC solution can play some role in controlling temperature, humidity, and air quality in these rooms. But the systems are lacking in many ways, starting with the fact that comfort cooling for people spaces and precision cooling for IT spaces are specifically engineered for very different purposes.

Think of it like this: cars and trucks share all the same basic components (engines, steering wheels, brakes, etc.), but you wouldn’t choose a sedan for an off-roading excursion. In other words, the vehicles are intended for very different applications. The same is true for precision air conditioning or thermal management systems.

Specifically, these specialty cooling solutions are built to do the following:

  • Handle the unique, concentrated heat load generated by IT equipment. Today’s sophisticated IT equipment generates a significant amount of heat. And when you consider the industry’s continued increase in average rack densities coupled with the growth of smaller, edge sites, it becomes clear that a commercial building’s air conditioning systems is not equipped to accommodate the elevated, concentrated heat loads. Furthermore, many spaces used for IT today were not originally designed for housing critical equipment, creating less-than-ideal environmental conditions that can introduce additional cooling challenges that make comfort cooling solutions even less effective.
    Data center-grade cooling solutions, on the other hand, are specifically engineered to control the heat in these spaces. These thermal management systems are designed to collect up the heat in small, dense spaces and reject it in one of several methods, depending on the type of system selected.
  • Run 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, regardless of the outside temperature. When it is cold outside, office buildings do not require AC. But IT spaces still do. Just like a grocer needs specialty equipment to keep the frozen peas frozen even when it is below zero outside, data centers and other IT spaces need a way to remove heat regardless of the outside temperature. But most comfort cooling systems are only designed to run when temperatures are above about 55 degrees Fahrenheit outdoors. Furthermore, regardless of the external temperature, some commercial AC systems shut down after hours or during weekends, leaving always-on computer equipment without protection.
    Data center-grade cooling systems overcome these issues and are specially designed to operate all the time — even when the outdoor temperatures plummet to 30 F or it’s 2 a.m. Sunday morning. This ensures that your equipment is always cooled properly.
  • Dedicate most of their capacity to controlling room temperature. With a typical building cooling system, capacity is divided between the tasks of cooling the room and removing moisture (humidity) from the air to keep people comfortable during warmer parts of the year. Up to 40% of the overall capacity of such a system can be channeled to handling moisture. In such a case, the sensible heat ratio is 0.60, meaning that only 60% of the cooling capacity is designated to changing the temperature of the air.
    In IT spaces, that amounts to a lot of waste. IT equipment tends to produce dry, intense heat, so it does not need nearly as much capacity to go toward humidity. Indeed, if a 100 kilowatt (kW) comfort cooling system is purchased to cool 100 kW of IT load, the solution will likely fail since the IT cooling capacity of the system will only be about 60 kW.
    Most of today’s precision cooling systems are designed with a sensible heat ratio of at least 0.90. That’s 90% of the cooling capacity dedicated to cooling the IT equipment and the remaining 10% of capacity dedicated to removing moisture that may infiltrate the room from outside. Many Vertiv™ thermal management systems offer a sensible heat ratio of 0.95.
How does a data center-grade thermal management system work?

While there are several different types of precision air conditioning or thermal management systems designed to meet the unique needs of a variety of applications, all systems generally work in the same manner. The equipment provides optimum air temperature to the inlet fans of the IT equipment using a unit or units installed in the IT space, either at the perimeter of the room, in the row, or in the racks or ceiling if floor space is at a premium.  These interior units use refrigeration or rely on cold water or glycol-based coolant to chill the air. They use fans and airflow to guide the cool air to the right places.

As the same time, the hot air generated by the equipment is collected up and rejected from the IT space. The thermal management system’s heat rejection unit removes the heat in one of several ways:

  • By channeling it to a building chilled water plant. Chilled water cooling systems, such as the innovative Vertiv™ Liebert® CW system, are a good choice for large data centers that have access to a chilled water plant. For smaller spaces or spaces in high-rise buildings where it’s not feasible to reject the air outside, a compact perimeter cooling solution, like the Vertiv™ Liebert® PCW, or even a ceiling-mounted precision cooling system, like the chilled water version of the zero-footprint Vertiv™ Liebert® Mini-Mate, can efficiently collect up and send the heat to the building’s chilled water plant by way of a common piping loop.
  • By rejecting it outdoors. Air-cooled direct expansion systems pair an indoor computer room air conditioning (CRAC) unit with an outdoor heat rejection unit and use outdoor ambient air to cool the refrigerant. These systems, such as the Vertiv™ Liebert® DS, are extremely reliable because they don’t depend on other building systems to cool the rejected heat. However, each unit requires its own piping and outdoor heat rejection unit, which can take up valuable space.
  • By rejecting it to a warm building water loop. Water-cooled direct expansion systems, like the Vertiv™ Liebert® PDX, connect multiple indoor CRAC units to a warm building water loop, usually a cooler tower system where the refrigerant is cooled by the process water. Small and mid-sized rooms in facilities where a building water system exist are good candidates for this solution.
  • By connecting to an outdoor fluid cooler such a drycooler. Glycol-cooled direct expansion systems connect multiple indoor CRAC units to a drycooler loop and pumping system, which circulate a warm water glycol antifreeze solution to cool the refrigerant. Small and mid-sized rooms can benefit from these types of systems, but there must be enough roof space to accommodate the drycooler and pumps.
  • By using a specialized liquid to directly cool the equipment. Liquid cooling is emerging as yet another option for IT thermal management. If you’ve ever burned a finger badly you know that air (i.e. blowing on it) often isn’t enough to relieve the burn. You need to run your finger under cold water for relief. Breakthrough liquid cooling systems, such as the Vertiv™ Liebert® XDU and Vertiv™ Liebert® XDM, use liquid, rather than air, to cool IT equipment for better results.  A cool liquid is circulated to cold-plate heat exchangers embedded in the IT equipment. This provides extremely efficient cooling, since the cooling medium goes directly to the IT equipment rather than cooling the entire space. However, it requires specialized IT equipment with built-in liquid/fluid heat exchangers. Liquid cooling is most practical for high-density or performance compute applications where the heat is most intense.
Additional Thermal Management System Components

In addition to the indoor units and the heat rejection components, thermal management solutions often include other critical components or can work in conjunction with other pieces of hardware and software to optimize the cooling strategy. These components include:

  • Control system: Most thermal management systems come with a basic level of control that allows data center personnel to set and monitor temperature, humidity, and airflow in the IT space. Advanced or intelligent controls can be used to network multiple units together in a space for both redundancy and efficiency purposes. When cooling units are networked, they don’t “fight” or work against each other, meaning some units heating and humidifying while others are cooling and dehumidifying, wasting energy in the process. Instead, networked units work together as a team to optimize cooling and energy performance. The networked units also increase system reliability. Should one unit experience trouble, the others in the team pick up the slack, offering an additional level of protection for IT equipment.
  • Sensors: Strategic sensor placements in IT spaces help data center managers keep tabs on the exact temperature of the supply air for IT equipment. This data is used to ensure the thermal management system provides only as much cooling as needed, reducing energy consumption and preventing overprovisioning.
  • Centralized and remote monitoring and alerting: The right monitoring hardware and software keeps data center staff up to date on the conditions in IT rooms, which is especially important in the case of remote or distributed facilities or when IT staff is working off-site. With the right solution, IT staff can monitor all of the sites within their network from one central facility. In addition, many solutions include notification and alarm systems that alert team members to component failures or environmental conditions that may be moving out of the specified range of operation, so they can be proactive in addressing situations before a problem occurs.
What are some of the most important features in a data center-grade thermal management solution?

While cooling systems need to work reliably, they are also expected to work as efficiently as possible. IT thermal management systems account for about 38% of total energy consumption in a typical data center. It’s imperative to choose a precision cooling or thermal management system that is built for both reliability and efficiency.   

Some features to look for include:

  • Variable capacity fans and compressors. Components that can adjust to actual conditions in the room to provide only as much cooling and airflow as needed are key to controlling energy usage and spend to ensure sustainability. For example, variable speed fan technologies can automatically modulate up and down, from 25-100% depending on the system. By matching airflow output to the load requirements in the space as opposed to operating at peak load 100% of the time, these fans can reduce fan energy consumption by as much as 76%.
  • Dual compressors and power supply for redundancy. Precision air conditioning or thermal management systems should be engineered to provide around-the-clock operation and to protect against potential component failure. Look for built-in redundancy for key components. Networking units together as a team can also help ensure 100% availability of the equipment.
  • Economization systems. Optional economization systems allow cooling units to take advantage of cooler outside air temperatures to aid in meeting indoor cooling requirement. For example, a pumped-refrigerant economizer can be used on an air-cooled system, whereby a small pump circulates cold refrigerant when outdoor ambient temperatures are low enough. Economization is also an option in water-cooled and glycol-cooled direct expansion systems when the water or glycol temperature drops due to cold outdoor ambient temperatures. Regardless of the type of system, economization reduces the amount of mechanical cooling or refrigeration necessary, thus reducing energy consumption significantly.
  • Optional humidifier. To avoid electrostatic discharge that can damage servers or to boost the cooling capacity when using an evaporative cooling system, a humidifier can add needed moisture to a data center or IT space.
  • High efficiency air filtration. This promotes air cleanliness in the space and keeps dust and debris from compromising the performance of sensitive IT equipment.
Choosing the right thermal management solution for your application

As this article illustrates, there are many factors to consider when selecting a precision cooling or IT thermal management solution. However, in most applications, the choice boils down to three key factors:

  1. Load in the room. The cooling system must be sized to handle the load in the room. The load is the sum of all the IT equipment in the room, plus lights, and any loads caused by the introduction of outside air or heat migration through external walls. Thermal management equipment comes in a range of capacities. Vertiv offers systems ranging from 2.5 to 400 kW to accommodate all types of applications.
  2. Space size and logistics. Cooling a large data center is obviously a different challenge than cooling a small network closet, and the space itself will dictate the type of solution you choose. Large, traditional data centers with raised floors can accommodate larger precision air conditioning units that can be installed on the perimeter of the room or in the rows. Smaller IT rooms may need a unit that can be mounted in the rack or on the ceiling.
  3. Heat rejection method. How you will remove heat from the space is usually the defining factor in the choice of cooling system. The best option depends on what building systems are available (Can you tie into an existing chilled water plant or cooler tower system?) and the architecture of the facility (Is it possible to reject the heat outdoors?) Floor space and available outdoor and roof space also matter. Finally, if you have a very high-density application, it may be worth looking into emerging liquid cooling solutions that are well suited to these environments. Considering all of these issues, as well as efficiency, operating cost, and environmental concerns, will help dictate what type of precision cooing or IT thermal management system will work best in your space.

The following chart can help you compare the different types of solutions available and provides examples of each for your consideration:

At-a-Glance Comparison of IT Thermal Management Systems

Form Factor Coolant Requirements Advantages Considerations Ideal For Products

Chilled Water

Indoor air handler(s) connected to a building chilled water plant

Chilled water

  • Building chilled water plant
  • Water source
  • Water treatment
  • Leverages existing infrastructure
  • Reduces investment and space required for heat rejection
  • Redundancy strategy to safeguard against chiller failure
  • Operational costs and environmental considerations due to water consumption and treatment
  • Large data centers
  • High-rise building or other spaces where heat can’t be rejected outside

Liebert® CW

Liebert® PCW

Liebert® Mini-Mate

Air-Cooled Direct Expansion

One-to-one indoor CRAC unit with outdoor heat rejection

Outdoor ambient air

None

  • Self-contained
  • Efficient; low number of heat transfers
  • Reliable and easy to maintain
  • Optional pumped refrigerant economization 
  • One-to-one indoor to outdoor unit ratio
  • Long piping lengths (greater than 200-300 feet)
  • Requires ample pumping and heat rejection space

Small to mid-size rooms

Liebert® DS

Liebert® DSE

Liebert® PDX

Liebert® Mini-Mate

Water-Cooled Direct Expansion

Indoor CRAC unit connected to a warm building water loop

Process water

  • Cooler tower system or other building water system
  • Water source
  • Water treatment 
  • Multiple indoor CRAC units can be connected to a common water loop
  • Leverages existing infrastructure
  • Reduces investment and space required for heat rejection
  • Economization options 

Operational costs and environmental considerations due to water consumption and treatment

  • Small to mid-size rooms
  • High-rise building or other spaces where heat can’t be rejected outside

Liebert ® DS

Liebert® PDX

Liebert® Mini-Mate

Glycol-Cooled Direct Expansion

Indoor CRAC unit(s) connected to an outdoor fluid cooler

Warm water/ glycol antifreeze solution

  • Drycooler loop and pumping system
  • Building water system
  • Adequate roof space
  • No water use
  • Minimal water treatment
  • Economization options 

Valuable roof space is needed to accommodate multiple heat rejection units

Small to mid-size rooms

Liebert® DS

Liebert® Mini-Mate

Liquid Cooling

Cool liquid is circulated to cold-plate heat exchangers embedded in IT equipment

Specialty liquid

Specialized IT equipment with built-in liquid/fluid heat exchanger

Highly efficient 

Space and cost associated with deploying dedicated liquid cooling infrastructure

  • High-density applications
  • High-performance computing applications

Liebert® XDU

Take control of your IT environment

Ultimately, a true and comprehensive thermal management system provides more than a way to collect and reject heat in an IT space. While precise temperature control — maintaining the temperature within one to two degrees — is not the issue it once was, thermal management continues to play a critical role in the operation of any data center or IT space. The right thermal management system, comprised of intelligent controls and advanced sensors, efficiency-enhancing features, and a monitoring solution, gives data center staff the ability to efficiently manage the environment and optimize equipment performance around the clock, safeguarding against system failure and costly downtime for the business. 

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The Ultimate Guide to Walk-In Coolers & Freezers - Norlake

Important Walk-In Cooler & Freezer Considerations

Walk-in coolers and freezers provide exceptional storage capacity to keep your products fresher longer. The first consideration is deciding whether you need a cooler, which keeps products at +35°F or above, or a freezer, which keeps products around -10°F for proper preservation and prolonged use. Depending on the size, type, and layout of your operation, it’s likely you may require a combination of both.

Deciding on a cooler or freezer ultimately depends on the products you want to store. For traditional foodservice applications, food safety is always the priority. Often, coolers are used to store quickly perishable items like fresh produce and dairy, and items you’re looking to offload quickly. Freezers are ideal for preserving product for longer periods, and often used for meat, seafood, and desserts.

Given that both coolers and freezers need to sustain their respective temperatures, the right insulation and construction plays a critical role and has a direct impact on energy savings. To maintain lower temperatures, freezers usually require more insulation and thicker panels. More on insulation and construction below.

Location: Indoor or Outdoor Walk-In Units

Location is one of the first considerations when outfitting the best walk-in solution. Is your unit going to be installed inside or outside? Your back-of-house size and layout will be a factor, as well as your storage requirements.

First, assess your available space. Is there enough room for doors to open fully and employees to maneuver safely? Will it be easy to access with minimal disruptions? Consider the frequency of use during rush periods, as well deliveries, especially if large quantities are being stored. The chosen location will need adequate airflow and ventilation, and utility access for electrical wiring, drainage, and refrigeration lines.

Local regulations also play a part. Every municipality has different zoning regulations. You’ll need to verify your local building codes and requirements for the proposed location, and ensure it meets health department guidelines for food storage.

There are pros and cons to both indoor and outdoor coolers. Ultimately, the decision hangs on available space, storage requirements, and the environment.

Indoor coolers take up valuable indoor space; however, they allow employees quick access without exposure to outdoor weather conditions and closer proximity to the kitchen for enhanced efficiency. Indoor environments are more controlled than outdoor, meaning there’s less risk of vandalism and create consistent operating conditions. Consistent conditions reduce the strain on the refrigeration system, resulting in a longer unit life and lower maintenance costs. Typically, there are fewer zoning considerations for indoor units than there are for outdoor, which can simplify the permit process.

However, refrigeration units can be noisy, and improper ventilation can cause heat buildup, which may result in an uncomfortable work environment. Pending the layout and available utilities, installation may be more complex than outdoor units. Retrofitting an indoor space for a walk-in cooler can involve structural modifications and higher labor costs.

If space is a primary concern, an outdoor walk-in cooler or freezer may be the way to go. Outdoor units offer more location flexibility allowing for installation near loading docks, production areas, or other strategic locations. The heat generated by these units remains outside, reducing the strain on indoor HVAC systems, and installation may be simpler because there’s no need to alter existing indoor structures.

Outdoor coolers are more subject to wear and tear from environmental factors, and may require additional weatherproofing, increasing initial costs. In areas with extreme weather, an indoor cooler might offer better protection and overall operational efficiency.

Pro tip: Choosing a location that minimizes heat transfer and is close to power and water sources can save on energy costs.

A note on temperature: When researching the right cooler or freezer unit, you’re likely to notice references to two different types of temperatures: ambient temperature and room temperature.

Ambient temperature: Refers to the temperature of the overall environment of the cooler, not just inside the cooler, and directly impacts the operating conditions.

For more row level chilled water precision air conditionerinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.

Room temperature: Refers specifically to the indoor space where people are working. Whereas ambient temperature is broader and has a greater range, room temperature generally falls within a standard range comfortable for humans. Ambient temperature plays a crucial role when deciding between an indoor and outdoor unit.

Size & Storage Capacity

The size of the cooler or freezer you need will also help determine the location. The size will depend on the types of items, and how much you’re needing to store. Plan for proper shelving to maximize vertical store, as well as sufficient aisle space for easy access to products.

To assess your storage needs, first consider your inventory volume. Estimate the amount of perishable goods you’ll store at max capacity, factoring in daily or weekly inventory turnover. A good rule of thumb for food storage is to allocate approximately 1-2 cubic feet of storage per meal served daily. Remember to factor in future growth to avoid outgrowing your unit too soon.

Standard box sizes most commonly advertise range from 6’x6’ to 10’x14’. Because every location, application, and need are different, walk-in coolers and freezers are highly customizable. Whatever size or cooler/freezer combo you need, Norlake can design in-house.

Common sizes include:

SMALL

Ideal for small businesses or restaurants.

MEDIUM

Ideal for mid-sized operations.

LARGE

Ideal for large facilities or warehouses.

Choosing the right size is about balancing current needs, future growth, and available space. When in doubt, it’s better to err on the slightly larger side for added flexibility and to avoid overcrowding, which can hinder cooling efficiency.

Actual size vs. Nominal size: Norlake is also one of the only walk-in cooler and freezer manufacturers to refer to our units with actual, precise sizes, meaning what you see is what you get. Our dimensions are exact after the unit is built. Most walk-in cooler manufacturers use nominal sizing, which is more approximate and can vary.

Using actual sizing adds additional space for shelving.

With or Without a Floor

Walk-in coolers and freezers can come with or without built-in floors. If you decide to save a little money upfront and go without a floor, you’ll need to ensure the location is on a level, concrete surface. You may also need to invest in additional insulation to ensure proper energy efficiency. Concrete floors without proper insulation can act as a thermal bridge that allows heat to enter and increase energy consumption. Local codes also play a factor – some require specific flooring depending on use case – so make sure you verify prior to deciding.

Walk-ins with floors offer a host of benefits, including:

Better insulation – built-in floors improve thermal efficiency and minimize the risk of heat transfer from uninsulated concrete or other surfaces, reducing energy consumption and maintaining consistent temperatures.

Easier installation – pre-fabricated floors are ready to use, so there’s no need to add more insulation or vapor barriers.

Prevents moisture issues – built-in floors often include a vapor barrier which reduces the risk of condensation and moisture build-up, mold, and water damage over time.

Floor structures can vary depending on use case to support heavier weight capacities. Most are made are smooth aluminum, designed for light to medium-duty traffic.

Norlake offers three tiers of floor structures, depending on your use case:

1

Standard floors

Supports up to 800 lbs./sq. ft.

Ideal for foot traffic and lighter stationary loads.

2

Heavy-duty floors

Supports up to 1,000 lbs./sq. ft.

Ideal for light wheeled traffic and heavy items on shelving.

3

Structural Floors

Supports up to 1,500 lbs./sq. ft.

Ideal for heavy carts and hand pallet jacks. Not recommended for use with electric pallents jacks or forklifts.

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Panel Construction, Insulation, & R-Value

The construction process of your walk-in is a central factor in the structural integrity, energy efficiency, and longevity of your unit. The panel material (the walls of your walk-in) can vary, but Norlake’s standard is acrylic-coated galvanized steel. This offers many benefits, including:

Corrosion resistance. The coating protects the steel from rust and corrosion, which is especially important in high-moisture or colder environments.

Highly durable. Galvanized steel stands up well to daily wear and tear, and provides excellent structural integrity, helping maintain insulation performance and stability over time.

Cost-effective and low maintenance. The protective zinc layer reduces the need for frequent repairs or repainting, and the surfaces are easy to clean and disinfect – ideal for foodservice environments.

The walls of your panels are then filled with insulation to keep interior temperatures contained and consistent. Like panel material, the foam insulation installed on the insides of the panels plays a major factor in the quality and efficiency of your unit. This is measured in R-value, the thermal resistance to heat transfer. The higher the R-value, the better the insulation and the unit’s ability to keep the inside temperature cool, saving you money on energy consumption. The industry’s standard R-Value in 25. Norlake’s R-value is 32.

The insulation, of course, has a direct impact on the R-value. Most panels are 4” thick for optimum insulation, and you may notice the term foamed-in-place. This refers to a process where the foam insulation is applied directly to the inside of the panel walls as a liquid spray that expands on contact, effectively filling all gaps to create a continuous insulating layer. This process provides excellent thermal resistance and can act as a vaper barrier, reducing the risk of moisture while increasing your unit’s R-value. Some manufacturers opt not to use this process, which leaves the unit vulnerable to exterior air and decreased thermal resistance, resulting in a loss of cooling efficiency.

Polyurethane vs. Polystyrene

Polyurethane and Polystyrene are the two most common insulation materials. Polyurethane is a rigid, closed-cell foam with a high thermal resistance (R-value) and is ideal for temperature-controlled environments. Polystyrene, available as Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) or Extruded Polystyrene (XPS), is a lightweight, cost-effective foam ideal for budget-friendly operations. Both are widely used and offer unique benefits.

Like foam insulation options, walk-in coolers and freezers have two common panel construction processes: soft-nose and high-density (H.D.) rail.

Soft-nose features full foam panels that offer more flexibility, both in panel construction and the insulation edge, creating an airtight seal for optimal thermal resistance and a high R-value.

Hard-density foam is more difficult to install, especially on large walk-ins, and is much more rigid, offering less flexibility.

Benefits of Norlake’s Panel Construction & Polyurethane Insulation

Exceptional Panel Construction

Foamed-in-place gaskets and cams, permanently secured panel components with no messy gluing.

Metal cam-locks for remarkable durability and damage resistance.

Double gasket doors for an airtight seal that reduces energy costs and protects perishables.

Seamless gaskets for easy assembly, eliminating the need for additional sealant.

Durable design reduces warranty and repair costs for long-term savings.

Premium Polyurethane Insulation

Foamed-in-place gaskets and cams, permanently secured panel components with no messy gluing.

Metal cam-locks for remarkable durability and damage resistance.

Double gasket doors for an airtight seal that reduces energy costs and protects perishables.

Seamless gaskets for easy assembly, eliminating the need for additional sealant.

Durable design reduces warranty and repair costs for long-term savings.

Refrigeration Type & Systems

The next step is deciding on refrigeration, both your system (self-contained or remote) and the type of refrigerant.

Self-Contained vs. Remote Refrigeration Systems

self-contained refrigeration system houses all the components inside the unit, like the condenser and evaporator, making them easier to install and ideal for smaller commercial kitchens and locations with limited space. A remote refrigeration system houses the condenser and evaporator separately, with the condenser and compressor usually outdoors or in a cool basement. These systems are best designed for larger operations.

Self-contained refrigeration

Quick, simplified repairs.

Compact, space saving design.

Lower upfront and maintenance costs.

Can be readily moved or relocated easily for flexibility.

Easy installation; plugin and go design requires minimal setup and there’s no need for additional piping or external components.

Remote refrigeration

More customizable, readily tailored to specific requirements to accommodate more complex setups.

Reduced heat and noise; these are expelled outside for a more comfortable indoor working environment.

Longer lifespan since components will be housed in a cooler environment, resulting in less stress and wear-and-tear .

Greater cooling capacity and energy efficiency; remote systems don’t counteract heat buildup in the same space and are suitable for large-scale or high-demand refrigeration needs.

The main factors to consider are application size, budget, environment, and how much flexibility is needed. If mobility or quick installation is a priority, self-contained units are the way to go. Remote systems have higher upfront costs usually tied to the complex installation that may involve additional piping, electrical work, and labor; however, over time they may offer more savings in operational costs.

Type of Refrigerant:

Your refrigeration system uses refrigerant, a chemical compound, to cool. Understanding the main refrigerant types is important for cooling efficiency and adhering to federal and state regulations.

The American Innovation and Manufacturing Act, also known as the AIM Act, was enacted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in December to phase down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), potent greenhouse gases commonly used in refrigeration. The AIM Act established a schedule to reduce production of HFCs by 85% over 15 years. This has encouraged the development and use of safer, more environmentally friendly alternatives to HFCs.

The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) classifies refrigerants based on their potential hazards, using a numbering system that begins with R-, followed by the ASHRAE assigned number. The most common refrigerant classifications fall under three buckets:

1. Environmental impact, rated by Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP); lower GWP values are better for the environment

2. Flammability, broken down by A1 (non-flammable), A2 (mildly flammable), and A3 (highly flammable)

3. Toxicity, classified as either A (low toxicity) or B (high toxicity, such as HFCs, and rarely used)

Read also:

  • Refrigerants and Compliance: Understanding the Choices in a Changing Landscape
  • What is the AIM Act & Its Impact on Foodservice

The most common types of refrigerants currently used in walk-in coolers and freezers include:

R290 is the Future (and Present) of Self-Contained Refrigeration Systems

With the phase-down of HFCs underway, refrigeration manufacturers are adapting to meet regulations. R-290 (propane) is a top choice many are considering, given its environmental friendliness and energy efficiency. It’s a hydrocarbon refrigerant with an ultra-low GWP (3) and excellent cooling performance, often outperforming synthetic refrigerants in systems designed for its use. It’s especially great for small, self-contained refrigeration systems commonly used in foodservice operations. R-290 is also a natural refrigerant.

Norlake is leading the charge to help operations adapt quickly to the regulated phase-down of HFCs. We’re one of the only manufacturers with self-contained walk-in coolers and freezers available with R-290 refrigeration, all manufactured in-house in the U.S.A. to future-proof operations from potential supply chain shortages.

See all Norlake refrigeration system options.

Norlake: Your Trusted Partner of Choice in Cold Storage Solutions

Norlake is the trusted partner of choice in cold storage solutions. We offer the best warranty on walk-in coolers and freezers in the industry—15 years on panels and 18 months on parts and labor—to ensure you can feel confident with your purchase.

We’re here to see you through from start to finish, from worry-free installation to aftercare support. Our commissioning program takes out all the hassle of installation—we handle all the startup and inspection details, thoroughly testing newly installed equipment, checking temperatures and pressures, ensuring all connections and construction meet manufacturer specifications, and providing a detailed report with photos and select repairs and warranty services at no extra cost, leaving you free to focus on your business.

Our units are completely customizable to meet your needs and the only walk-ins available with environmentally friendly R290 refrigerant manufactured in-house, future-proofing your operation against supply chain shortages. We offer three levels of customization:

1. Kold Locker™:  The total package in two days! More than 14,000 configurations available that can ship out in two days – the fastest shipping in the industry!

2. Fast-Trak®:  Fast and flexible options – featuring coolers, freezers, and combo units in additional sizes.

3. Fineline™:   What you need, we can build. Any size, shape, and finish – Fineline units are completely customizable.t

Kolo Locker

Quick ship single-compartment coolers or freezers. Over 14,000
configurations available. The total package, Shipped in just two days.

Fast-Trak

Semi-custom coolers, freezers, and
combo units. More size, more options, and available remote
refrigeration.

FINELINE

If you can dream it we can build
it. Fully custom walk-ins any size
and shap, precision built to
your needs.

If you are looking for more details, kindly visit Financial sector cooling solutions.

All units and refrigeration are manufactured in-house at our factories in the U.S.A., making us less susceptible to supply chain issues.